Before visiting China, understanding these essential cultural customs will help you navigate social interactions respectfully and avoid unintentional offense. Here’s a concise guide based on traditional and contemporary practices:

• Handshakes are standard in business environments, but avoid overly firm handshakes—considered aggressive. A slight nod or smile is appropriate for casual greetings.

• Addressing Others: Use titles (Lǎo for elders, Xiānshēng for men, Nǚshì for women) followed by surnames until invited to use given names.

• Modesty in Response: Downplay compliments with “Nǎlǐ nǎlǐ” (lit. “Where? Where?”), a humble acknowledgment meaning “I’m not worthy.”

• Seating Arrangements: The host typically sits facing the door; honored guests sit to their left. Wait to be directed to your seat.

• Chopstick Rules: Never stand chopsticks upright in a rice bowl (resembles offerings at funerals). Use serving chopsticks to pass food.

• Toasting Rituals: Stand when toasting elders or superiors. Say “Gānbēi” (“cheers”) and drink after the host takes the first sip.

• Taboo Gifts: Avoid clocks (sounds like “ending life” in Chinese), sharp objects (symbolize severing relationships), or white flowers (associated with mourning). Opt for tea, fruit, or premium alcohol (e.g., Moutai).

• Gift Exchange Etiquette: Gifts are often politely refused 1–2 times initially. Insist gently 2–3 times before the recipient accepts.

• Presentation Manner: Use both hands to give or receive gifts/business cards as a sign of respect.

• Dress Code: Wear modest clothing in temples; remove shoes before entering private homes (look for shoe racks as a cue).

• Religious Sensitivity: Do not touch religious artifacts or point at Buddha statues. Maintain a respectful demeanor in sacred spaces.

• Queueing Culture: Cutting lines is widely frowned upon—always wait your turn, especially in metros, banks, or markets.

• Personal Space Norms: Conversations may involve closer physical proximity than in Western countries; this is a sign of familiarity, not intrusion.

• Sensitive Topics to Avoid: Steer clear of political discussions (e.g., Taiwan, Tibet) and avoid criticizing Chinese culture or traditions.

• Chinese New Year: Give red envelopes (hóngbāo) to children or unmarried adults; avoid using negative words like “death” or “sickness” during the holiday.

• Qingming Festival (Tomb-Sweeping Day): Refrain from joking about tombs, ancestors, or death while visiting cemeteries or memorial sites.